Hardware documentation

Components & aircraft systems

The component list supplied for the project: flight control, communication, propulsion, power, actuation, onboard computing, structural materials and safety equipment. Where a weight, voltage, performance figure, test result or status has not been documented yet, the field reads “Data being documented” rather than a guess.

PlannedCalculatedAssembledTestedMeasured

These five words are used strictly and are not interchangeable. A purchased part is not necessarily assembled. A fitted part may be “Assembled”, but not “Tested”. A capability that has not been demonstrated in flight is labelled future work.

01Flight control & navigation

Flight Controller & GPS

Qty 1

Pixhawk 2.1 Cube Orange with GPS HERE 3

Role in aircraft
Data being documented
Why it is needed
Data being documented
Related prototype
Data being documented
Test status
Data being documented
Related engineering log
Data being documented
Component photoPhoto coming soon
Installed in aircraftPhoto coming soon
Close-upPhoto coming soon
Test photo (optional)Photo coming soon

Airspeed Sensor

Qty 1

PX4 Digital Airspeed Sensor

Role in aircraft
Data being documented
Why it is needed
Data being documented
Related prototype
Data being documented
Test status
Data being documented
Related engineering log
Data being documented
Component photoPhoto coming soon
Installed in aircraftPhoto coming soon
Close-upPhoto coming soon
Test photo (optional)Photo coming soon

LIDAR

Qty 1

GARMIN LIDAR V3 Lite

Role in aircraft
Data being documented
Why it is needed
Data being documented
Related prototype
Data being documented
Test status
Data being documented
Related engineering log
Data being documented
Component photoPhoto coming soon
Installed in aircraftPhoto coming soon
Close-upPhoto coming soon
Test photo (optional)Photo coming soon
02Communication & ground control

Wi-Fi Ground

Qty 1

Ubiquiti Nanobeam AC Gen 2

Test status
Data being documented
Component photoPhoto coming soon

Wi-Fi Air

Qty 1

Ubiquiti Bullet AC

Test status
Data being documented
Component photoPhoto coming soon

Remote Controller

Qty 1

Radiomaster TX16S

Test status
Data being documented
Component photoPhoto coming soon

Telemetry FC

Qty 1

3DR Radio Telemetry & Custom Antenna

Test status
Data being documented
Component photoPhoto coming soon

Receiver

Qty 1

R168 D16 PWM.SBUS Receiver 2.4GHz

Test status
Data being documented
Component photoPhoto coming soon

Communication architecture

Ground Operator
↓
Remote Controller / Ground Communication
↓
Aircraft Receiver / Telemetry
↓
Flight Controller
Ground Wi-Fi
⇔
Air Wi-Fi

This diagram is conceptual. Link range, reliability and any autonomous or long-distance operation are not claimed — nothing of that kind has been tested and documented here.

03Propulsion system

Four-motor group

Status unconfirmed

Role unconfirmed · potential vertical-lift group

Motor
2212
KV
980KV
Quantity
4
ESC
Hobbywing 30A ×4
Propeller
APC 9 inch ×4
Calculated thrust
Testing data to be added.
Measured thrust
Testing data to be added.
Expected function
To be confirmed
Actual test result
Testing data to be added.
Problems observed
Testing data to be added.
Current configuration
Data being documented
Component photoPhoto coming soon
Installed in aircraftPhoto coming soon
Close-upPhoto coming soon
Test photo (optional)Photo coming soon

Single-motor group

Status unconfirmed

Role unconfirmed · potential forward-flight group

Motor
2217
KV
1000KV
Quantity
1
ESC
40A BLHeli ×1
Propeller
APC 8 inch ×1
Calculated thrust
Testing data to be added.
Measured thrust
Testing data to be added.
Expected function
To be confirmed
Actual test result
Testing data to be added.
Problems observed
Testing data to be added.
Current configuration
Data being documented
Component photoPhoto coming soon
Installed in aircraftPhoto coming soon
Close-upPhoto coming soon
Test photo (optional)Photo coming soon

The two motor groups are listed separately by hardware only. Their roles in the aircraft remain unconfirmed, not validated by this inventory.

04Power system

Battery

Qty 1

LiPo 4S 1500mAh

Test status
Data being documented
Component photoPhoto coming soon

Battery

Qty 1

Li-ion 4S2P 6400mAh

Test status
Data being documented
Component photoPhoto coming soon

Power Module

Qty 1

Pixhawk Brick Powermodule

Test status
Data being documented
Component photoPhoto coming soon

UBEC

Qty 1

Hobbywing UBEC 5V/6V 3A

Test status
Data being documented
Component photoPhoto coming soon

Step Up Module

Qty 1

XL6009

Test status
Data being documented
Component photoPhoto coming soon

Fuse / Current Breaker

Qty 1

ANL Fuse 100A

Test status
Data being documented
Component photoPhoto coming soon

Power architecture

Battery
↓
Power Management
↓
Flight Controller / Electronics
↓
Motors / Servos / Onboard Systems

Conceptual only. Wiring, routing and protection details are being documented.

LiPo 4S 1500mAh

Capacity
1500 mAh
Configuration
4S
Weight
Data being documented
Expected use
Data being documented
Measured flight result
Data being documented
Advantages
Data being documented
Limitations
Data being documented

Li-ion 4S2P 6400mAh

Capacity
6400 mAh
Configuration
4S2P
Weight
Data being documented
Expected use
Data being documented
Measured flight result
Data being documented
Advantages
Data being documented
Limitations
Data being documented
05Flight control actuation

Servo Aileron

Status unconfirmed
Servo model
9g / 12g Digital Servo
Quantity
2
Control surface
Aileron
Range
Data being documented
Observed performance
Data being documented
Problems
Data being documented
Current status
Data being documented
Component photoPhoto coming soon
Installed in aircraftPhoto coming soon
Close-upPhoto coming soon
Test photo (optional)Photo coming soon

Control surfaces are part of the physical flight-control system

The servos move the control surfaces that the flight controller commands, so they sit between the electronics and the airframe rather than being an accessory to either.

No claim is made here about control authority, deflection rate or response quality. Those require measurements, and no verified measurement records have been supplied.

06Onboard computing & vision

Single Board Computer

Qty 1

Raspberry Pi 4B 8GB

Component photoPhoto coming soon

Detection Camera

Qty 1

Raspberry Pi V2 8MP

Component photoPhoto coming soon

Accelerator

Qty 1

Coral USB Accelerator

Component photoPhoto coming soon

Onboard computing

Camera
↓
Raspberry Pi
↓
Coral USB Accelerator

These components provide an onboard computing platform that can support future computer-vision and sensing experiments.

Future capability · autonomous detection and navigation not documented

Purpose
Data being documented
Software
Data being documented
Experiment
Data being documented
Dataset
Data being documented
Current status
Data being documented
Measured performance
Data being documented
07Airframe materials

These materials carry load, set mass and define how the airframe survives handling and flight. They are structural engineering choices, not finishing details.

Hardfoam

Density: 20 kg/m³

Aircraft application
Data being documented
Why selected
Data being documented
Weight implication
Data being documented
Structural advantage
Data being documented
Observed limitation
Data being documented
Prototype version
Data being documented
Material photoPhoto coming soon

Epoxy Resin

Lycal 1011

Aircraft application
Data being documented
Why selected
Data being documented
Weight implication
Data being documented
Structural advantage
Data being documented
Observed limitation
Data being documented
Prototype version
Data being documented
Material photoPhoto coming soon

Carbon Rod

Data being documented

Aircraft application
Data being documented
Why selected
Data being documented
Weight implication
Data being documented
Structural advantage
Data being documented
Observed limitation
Data being documented
Prototype version
Data being documented
Material photoPhoto coming soon

3D Printing Filament

ABS+

Aircraft application
Data being documented
Why selected
Data being documented
Weight implication
Data being documented
Structural advantage
Data being documented
Observed limitation
Data being documented
Prototype version
Data being documented
Material photoPhoto coming soon

Monokote Film Covering

Data being documented

Aircraft application
Data being documented
Why selected
Data being documented
Weight implication
Data being documented
Structural advantage
Data being documented
Observed limitation
Data being documented
Prototype version
Data being documented
Material photoPhoto coming soon

Balsa Wood

Thickness: 3 mm and 5 mm

Aircraft application
Data being documented
Why selected
Data being documented
Weight implication
Data being documented
Structural advantage
Data being documented
Observed limitation
Data being documented
Prototype version
Data being documented
Material photoPhoto coming soon
08Battery safety

LiPo Guard Bag

Qty 1
Component photoPhoto coming soon

A LiPo guard bag is included in the supplied list. Battery handling procedures and actual use are not documented here; the listing does not establish a verified safety protocol.

09How the prototype fits together

Flight Control

  • Pixhawk 2.1 Cube Orange + HERE 3 GPS

Sensing

  • GARMIN LIDAR V3 Lite
  • PX4 Digital Airspeed Sensor

Communication

  • Radiomaster TX16S
  • R168 Receiver
  • 3DR Telemetry
  • Ubiquiti Ground/Air Communication

Onboard Computing

  • Raspberry Pi 4B
  • Raspberry Pi Camera V2
  • Coral USB Accelerator

Propulsion

  • 2212 980KV Motors
  • 2217 1000KV Motor
  • Hobbywing / BLHeli ESCs
  • APC Propellers

Power

  • LiPo Battery
  • Li-ion Battery
  • Power Module
  • UBEC
  • Step-Up Module
  • Fuse

Structure

  • Hardfoam
  • Carbon Rod
  • Balsa Wood
  • Epoxy
  • ABS+
  • Monokote
10Supplied component inventory
SystemComponentSpecification / ModelQuantityPrototypeStatusRelated Test
Flight ControlFlight Controller & GPSPixhawk 2.1 Cube Orange with GPS HERE 31Data being documentedData being documentedData being documented
CommunicationWi-Fi GroundUbiquiti Nanobeam AC Gen 21Data being documentedData being documentedData being documented
CommunicationWi-Fi AirUbiquiti Bullet AC1Data being documentedData being documentedData being documented
CommunicationRemoteRadiomaster TX16S1Data being documentedData being documentedData being documented
CommunicationTelemetry FC3DR Radio Telemetry & Custom Antenna1Data being documentedData being documentedData being documented
CommunicationReceiverR168 D16 PWM.SBUS Receiver 2.4GHz1Data being documentedData being documentedData being documented
SensorLIDARGARMIN LIDAR V3 Lite1Data being documentedData being documentedData being documented
SensorAirspeed SensorPX4 Digital Airspeed Sensor1Data being documentedData being documentedData being documented
PropulsionMotor2212 980KV4Data being documentedData being documentedData being documented
PropulsionMotor2217 1000KV1Data being documentedData being documentedData being documented
PropulsionESCHobbywing 30A4Data being documentedData being documentedData being documented
PropulsionESC40A BLHeli1Data being documentedData being documentedData being documented
PropulsionPropellerAPC 9 inch4Data being documentedData being documentedData being documented
PropulsionPropellerAPC 8 inch1Data being documentedData being documentedData being documented
PowerBatteryLiPo 4S 1500mAh1Data being documentedData being documentedData being documented
PowerBatteryLi-ion 4S2P 6400mAh1Data being documentedData being documentedData being documented
PowerPower ModulePixhawk Brick Powermodule1Data being documentedData being documentedData being documented
PowerUBECHobbywing UBEC 5V/6V 3A1Data being documentedData being documentedData being documented
PowerStep Up ModuleXL60091Data being documentedData being documentedData being documented
Power / SafetyFuse / Current BreakerANL Fuse 100A1Data being documentedData being documentedData being documented
ControlServo Aileron9g / 12g Digital Servo2Data being documentedData being documentedData being documented
ComputingSBCRaspberry Pi 4B 8GB1Data being documentedData being documentedData being documented
VisionDetection CameraRaspberry Pi V2 8MP1Data being documentedData being documentedData being documented
ComputingAcceleratorCoral USB Accelerator1Data being documentedData being documentedData being documented
SafetyLiPo Guard Bag—1Data being documentedData being documentedData being documented
StructureHardfoamDensity 20 kg/m³Data being documentedData being documentedData being documentedData being documented
StructureEpoxy ResinLycal 1011Data being documentedData being documentedData being documentedData being documented
StructureCarbon Rodspecification being documentedData being documentedData being documentedData being documentedData being documented
Structure3D FilamentABS+Data being documentedData being documentedData being documentedData being documented
StructureMonokote Film Coveringspecification being documentedData being documentedData being documentedData being documentedData being documented
StructureBalsa Wood3 mm / 5 mmData being documentedData being documentedData being documentedData being documented
11Design dependencies

One component changes the whole aircraft

Component selection is not an isolated engineering decision. Changing a battery, motor, structural material, or electronics package can change the aircraft's mass, balance, energy requirements, and flight characteristics.

Component selection belongs to the design process rather than simply a purchasing decision.

Component choice
↓
Weight
↓
Center of gravity
↓
Power requirement
↓
Structural requirements
↓
Flight performance